【Xcode】Preview Crashed で 表示されない 📲

Xcode の Preview がクラッシュしっぱなし。

【Xcode】Preview Crashed で 表示されない

ストレージまわりの話ではないかと思いながらしらべる。


xcrun simctl -—set previews delete all

👉 Preview keeps crashing | Apple Developer Forums hatena-bookmark
👉 SwiftUIのプレビューが動かなくなった時の対処方法 #SwiftUI - Qiita hatena-bookmark

 

📲 ログから原因を見つける

まずは、見てみますか。


#!/bin/bash

cd ~/Library/Logs/DiagnosticReports
file=$(ls XCPreview* | head -1)
open $file

何か起こったらログ確認大事。

 

📲 対応方法

いろいろありそうです。

このシミュレータですが、通常のシミュレータとは別でXcodeが持っています。しかしストレージ管理のデベロッパ欄には表示されない上に自動で削除されません。私の環境ではiOS14.1のシミュレータなども残っていました。

👉 【SwiftUI】PreviewのSimulator残留 | thwork hatena-bookmark


cd ~/Library/Developer/Xcode/UserData/Previews/Simulator\ Devices/
find . -name com.apple.suggestions.plist -exec plutil -replace SuggestionsAppLibraryEnabled -bool NO {} ";"

👉 [Tips]Xcode13.1のSwiftUIのpreviewでCPU使用率が高くなるのをSpotlightを止めて回避する(iOS15) #iOS - Qiita hatena-bookmark

- Restart the computer and re-run xcrun simctl --set previews delete all
- Delete stored Preview data directly. This data is stored in ~/Library/Developer/Xcode/UserData/Previews.

👉 Use Realm with SwiftUI Previews — Realm hatena-bookmark


xcrun simctl --set previews delete unavailable | all

👉 SwiftUI Previews - Disk space issue | Apple Developer Forums hatena-bookmark

Save space by
1. xcrun simctl delete unavailable
2. xcrun simctl erase all
3. Delete /Users/username/Library/Developer/CoreSimulator folder.

👉 swiftui - Xcode 13 UI Previews folder takes too much space - Stack Overflow hatena-bookmark

 

📲 xcrun simctl とは ?

コマンドラインツールから help を確認する。


❯ xcrun simctl help
usage: simctl [--set <path>] [--profiles <path>] <subcommand> ...
       simctl help [subcommand]
Command line utility to control the Simulator

For subcommands that require a <device> argument, you may specify a device UDID
or the special "booted" string which will cause simctl to pick a booted device.
If multiple devices are booted when the "booted" device is selected, simctl
will choose one of them.

Subcommands:
	addmedia            Add photos, live photos, videos, or contacts to the library of a device.
	boot                Boot a device or device pair.
	clone               Clone an existing device.
	create              Create a new device.
	delete              Delete specified devices, unavailable devices, or all devices.
	diagnose            Collect diagnostic information and logs.
	erase               Erase a device's contents and settings.
	get_app_container   Print the path of the installed app's container
	getenv              Print an environment variable from a running device.
	help                Prints the usage for a given subcommand.
	icloud_sync         Trigger iCloud sync on a device.
	install             Install an app on a device.
	install_app_data    Install an xcappdata package to a device, replacing the current contents of the container.
	io                  Set up a device IO operation.
	keychain            Manipulate a device's keychain
	launch              Launch an application by identifier on a device.
	list                List available devices, device types, runtimes, or device pairs.
	location            Control a device's simulated location
	logverbose          enable or disable verbose logging for a device
	openurl             Open a URL in a device.
	pair                Create a new watch and phone pair.
	pair_activate       Set a given pair as active.
	pbcopy              Copy standard input onto the device pasteboard.
	pbpaste             Print the contents of the device's pasteboard to standard output.
	pbsync              Sync the pasteboard content from one pasteboard to another.
	privacy             Grant, revoke, or reset privacy and permissions
	push                Send a simulated push notification
	rename              Rename a device.
	runtime             Perform operations on runtimes
	shutdown            Shutdown a device.
	spawn               Spawn a process by executing a given executable on a device.
	status_bar          Set or clear status bar overrides
	terminate           Terminate an application by identifier on a device.
	ui                  Get or Set UI options
	uninstall           Uninstall an app from a device.
	unpair              Unpair a watch and phone pair.
	upgrade             Upgrade a device to a newer runtime.

❯ xcrun simctl help delete
Delete specified devices, unavailable devices, or all devices.
Usage: simctl delete <device> [... <device n>] | unavailable | all

Specifying unavailable will delete devices that are not supported by the current Xcode SDK.

❯ xcrun simctl list devices
== Devices ==
-- iOS 17.0 --
    iPhone SE (3rd generation) (EE4D7500-5439-4D41-AD42-6028F649FA44) (Shutdown)
    iPhone 15 (984F204F-2D4E-4E56-8EEE-D11C46EDD9C2) (Shutdown)
    iPhone 15 Plus (C1349C55-57AC-4E47-9EF3-71A848E24A4E) (Shutdown)
    iPhone 15 Pro (04DC04FF-87DB-4EB6-91D8-C8CB4CF10015) (Shutdown)
    iPhone 15 Pro Max (5DC11544-4C3E-4852-8899-3D9E0844519B) (Shutdown)
    iPad Air (5th generation) (906B44B3-B298-4CF1-A5FB-0B4D43277636) (Shutdown)
    iPad (10th generation) (3804C1FA-6306-4CB7-98E0-D24CAFA70537) (Shutdown)
    iPad mini (6th generation) (351ED4C6-2DF3-4F1F-A29A-6D44483D9A95) (Shutdown)
    iPad Pro (11-inch) (4th generation) (96D48442-96AA-421A-BBA6-6F45EE8ECDBE) (Shutdown)
    iPad Pro (12.9-inch) (6th generation) (0B527419-DE2A-4146-93C4-55540B624C5C) (Shutdown)

❯ xcrun simctl --set previews list devices
Using Previews Device Set: '/Users/mao/Library/Developer/Xcode/UserData/Previews/Simulator Devices'
== Devices ==
-- iOS 17.0 --
    iPhone 15 Pro (676858D4-35E8-4841-91F4-17804B3E7565) (Shutdown)

覚えておくべきは、

Preview は、シュミレータ単独と別枠でシュミレータを使っている。

ということ。

 

📲 まとめ

Preview と シュミレーターに関連する問題は多そうです。

  • CPU 使用率
  • ストレージ占有
  • キャッシュ・データ不整合

私の場合スッキリ対応した方法としては、以下を Xcode を一旦終了して実行。


xcrun simctl --set previews delete all
rm -rf ~/Library/Developer/Xcode/UserData/Previews
rm -rf ~/Library/Developer/CoreSimulator/Caches

👉 How to clear/reset SwiftUI Preview Caches? hatena-bookmark

Behavors に入れときますか、消した previews に関しては自動で作成されると思って良さそう。


⌘英かな から Karabiner-Elements へ ⌨️

こうしてましたが。

👉 【macOS】IDE で 矢印 (カーソルキー) を使うと キーボード ホームポジション がずれる件 hatena-bookmark

⌘英かな を卒業して、Karabiner-Elements を使います。

👉 Karabiner-Elementsの本家が「英数/かな」の切り替えに対応したみたい #karabiner-Elements - Qiita hatena-bookmark
👉 「macOS カーソル強制バインディングのすすめ」の最近の様子 - ちなみに hatena-bookmark

 

⌨️ caps lock → control


Simple Modifications

  ↓

For All Devices

  ↓

caps_lock

  ↓

left_control

⌘英かな から Karabiner-Elements へ ⌨️

👉 Karabiner-Elements complex_modifications rules hatena-bookmark

 

⌨️ left / right command → 英数/かな


Complex Modifications

  ↓

Add rule

  ↓

Import more rules from the Internet (Open a web browser)

  ↓

Seearch

⌘英かな から Karabiner-Elements へ ⌨️

👉 [ US ]左右のコマンドキー(⌘)を、単独で押したときは 英数・かな キー として扱う(左⌘は 英数、右⌘は かな) hatena-bookmark

 

⌨️ control (旧 caps lock) + p / n / f / b → ↑ / ↓ / ← / →

⌘英かな から Karabiner-Elements へ ⌨️

👉 Ctrl+p/Ctrl+n to arrow up/down  hatena-bookmark
👉 Map ctrl+b/ctrl+f to left/right arrow  hatena-bookmark

 

⌨️ まとめ

設定保存先は、~/.config/karabiner/karabiner.json

思ったより長い。


{
    "global": {
        "ask_for_confirmation_before_quitting": true,
        "check_for_updates_on_startup": true,
        "show_in_menu_bar": true,
        "show_profile_name_in_menu_bar": false,
        "unsafe_ui": false
    },
    "profiles": [
        {
            "complex_modifications": {
                "parameters": {
                    "basic.simultaneous_threshold_milliseconds": 50,
                    "basic.to_delayed_action_delay_milliseconds": 500,
                    "basic.to_if_alone_timeout_milliseconds": 1000,
                    "basic.to_if_held_down_threshold_milliseconds": 500,
                    "mouse_motion_to_scroll.speed": 100
                },
                "rules": [
                    {
                        "description": "[ US ]左右のコマンドキー(⌘)を、単独で押したときは 英数・かな キー として扱う(左⌘は 英数、右⌘は かな)",
                        "manipulators": [
                            {
                                "description": " LEFT COMMAND → EISUU ",
                                "from": {
                                    "key_code": "left_command",
                                    "modifiers": {
                                        "optional": [
                                            "any"
                                        ]
                                    }
                                },
                                "to": [
                                    {
                                        "key_code": "left_command"
                                    }
                                ],
                                "to_if_alone": [
                                    {
                                        "key_code": "japanese_eisuu"
                                    }
                                ],
                                "type": "basic"
                            },
                            {
                                "description": " RIGHT COMMAND → KANA ",
                                "from": {
                                    "key_code": "right_command",
                                    "modifiers": {
                                        "optional": [
                                            "any"
                                        ]
                                    }
                                },
                                "to": [
                                    {
                                        "key_code": "right_command"
                                    }
                                ],
                                "to_if_alone": [
                                    {
                                        "key_code": "japanese_kana"
                                    }
                                ],
                                "type": "basic"
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    {
                        "description": "Ctrl+p/Ctrl+n to arrow up/down",
                        "manipulators": [
                            {
                                "from": {
                                    "key_code": "p",
                                    "modifiers": {
                                        "mandatory": [
                                            "control"
                                        ]
                                    }
                                },
                                "to": [
                                    {
                                        "key_code": "up_arrow"
                                    }
                                ],
                                "type": "basic"
                            },
                            {
                                "from": {
                                    "key_code": "n",
                                    "modifiers": {
                                        "mandatory": [
                                            "control"
                                        ]
                                    }
                                },
                                "to": [
                                    {
                                        "key_code": "down_arrow"
                                    }
                                ],
                                "type": "basic"
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    {
                        "description": "Map ctrl+b/ctrl+f to left/right arrow",
                        "manipulators": [
                            {
                                "from": {
                                    "key_code": "b",
                                    "modifiers": {
                                        "mandatory": [
                                            "control"
                                        ]
                                    }
                                },
                                "to": [
                                    {
                                        "key_code": "left_arrow"
                                    }
                                ],
                                "type": "basic"
                            },
                            {
                                "from": {
                                    "key_code": "f",
                                    "modifiers": {
                                        "mandatory": [
                                            "control"
                                        ]
                                    }
                                },
                                "to": [
                                    {
                                        "key_code": "right_arrow"
                                    }
                                ],
                                "type": "basic"
                            }
                        ]
                    }
                ]
            },
            "devices": [
                {
                    "disable_built_in_keyboard_if_exists": false,
                    "fn_function_keys": [],
                    "identifiers": {
                        "is_keyboard": true,
                        "is_pointing_device": false,
                        "product_id": 0,
                        "vendor_id": 0
                    },
                    "ignore": false,
                    "manipulate_caps_lock_led": true,
                    "simple_modifications": [],
                    "treat_as_built_in_keyboard": false
                },
                {
                    "disable_built_in_keyboard_if_exists": false,
                    "fn_function_keys": [],
                    "identifiers": {
                        "is_keyboard": false,
                        "is_pointing_device": true,
                        "product_id": 0,
                        "vendor_id": 0
                    },
                    "ignore": true,
                    "manipulate_caps_lock_led": false,
                    "simple_modifications": [],
                    "treat_as_built_in_keyboard": false
                }
            ],
            "fn_function_keys": [
                {
                    "from": {
                        "key_code": "f1"
                    },
                    "to": [
                        {
                            "consumer_key_code": "display_brightness_decrement"
                        }
                    ]
                },
                {
                    "from": {
                        "key_code": "f2"
                    },
                    "to": [
                        {
                            "consumer_key_code": "display_brightness_increment"
                        }
                    ]
                },
                {
                    "from": {
                        "key_code": "f3"
                    },
                    "to": [
                        {
                            "apple_vendor_keyboard_key_code": "mission_control"
                        }
                    ]
                },
                {
                    "from": {
                        "key_code": "f4"
                    },
                    "to": [
                        {
                            "apple_vendor_keyboard_key_code": "spotlight"
                        }
                    ]
                },
                {
                    "from": {
                        "key_code": "f5"
                    },
                    "to": [
                        {
                            "consumer_key_code": "dictation"
                        }
                    ]
                },
                {
                    "from": {
                        "key_code": "f6"
                    },
                    "to": [
                        {
                            "key_code": "f6"
                        }
                    ]
                },
                {
                    "from": {
                        "key_code": "f7"
                    },
                    "to": [
                        {
                            "consumer_key_code": "rewind"
                        }
                    ]
                },
                {
                    "from": {
                        "key_code": "f8"
                    },
                    "to": [
                        {
                            "consumer_key_code": "play_or_pause"
                        }
                    ]
                },
                {
                    "from": {
                        "key_code": "f9"
                    },
                    "to": [
                        {
                            "consumer_key_code": "fast_forward"
                        }
                    ]
                },
                {
                    "from": {
                        "key_code": "f10"
                    },
                    "to": [
                        {
                            "consumer_key_code": "mute"
                        }
                    ]
                },
                {
                    "from": {
                        "key_code": "f11"
                    },
                    "to": [
                        {
                            "consumer_key_code": "volume_decrement"
                        }
                    ]
                },
                {
                    "from": {
                        "key_code": "f12"
                    },
                    "to": [
                        {
                            "consumer_key_code": "volume_increment"
                        }
                    ]
                }
            ],
            "name": "Default profile",
            "parameters": {
                "delay_milliseconds_before_open_device": 1000
            },
            "selected": true,
            "simple_modifications": [
                {
                    "from": {
                        "key_code": "caps_lock"
                    },
                    "to": [
                        {
                            "key_code": "left_control"
                        }
                    ]
                }
            ],
            "virtual_hid_keyboard": {
                "country_code": 0,
                "indicate_sticky_modifier_keys_state": true,
                "mouse_key_xy_scale": 100
            }
        }
    ]
}

ありがとう、⌘英かな。

👉 ⌘英かな hatena-bookmark

しかし、Karabiner-Elements の検索見づらいな。


gradle コマンドを補完しようとして brew にも補完があることを知る今さら感

 

👩‍💻 gradle/gradle-completion

本家から公開されてたんですね!

Gradle ./gradlew を補完しようとして brew の補完を知る今さら感

👉 gradle/gradle-completion: Gradle tab completion for bash and zsh hatena-bookmark

./gradlew でも利用できるようなのでインストールしてみました。


brew install gradle-completion

しかし、補完されないので調べる。


❯ brew info gradle-completion
...
==> Caveats
zsh completions have been installed to:
  /opt/homebrew/share/zsh/site-functions
...


❯ ls /opt/homebrew/share/zsh/site-functions
_brew@     _gradle@   _lsd@      _starship@

手動でロードしてみると弾いてるが。


❯ source /opt/homebrew/share/zsh/site-functions/_gradle

_arguments:comparguments:327: can only be called from completion function
_tags:comptags:36: can only be called from completion function
_tags:comptry:55: can only be called from completion function
_tags:comptags:60: can only be called from completion function
_tags:comptags:67: can only be called from completion function

どうなってるんや。

 

👩‍💻 Basic installation doesn't work on macOS with zsh #95

issues にこんな。


if [ $commands[brew] ]
then
  fpath=("$(brew --prefix)/share/zsh/site-functions" $fpath)
fi

gradle-completion/issues/95#issuecomment-1165679687

見てみると FPATH にない。


❯ echo $FPATH | tr ':' '\n'
/opt/homebrew/share/zsh-completions
/usr/local/share/zsh/site-functions
/usr/share/zsh/site-functions
/usr/share/zsh/5.9/functions

ここに、gradle-completion のインストール先である


/opt/homebrew/share/zsh/site-functions

を追加すると補完は効き始めた。

 

👩‍💻 Homebrew Shell-Completion

さっきの解決方法の issue コメントに書いてあったページをみてみる。

To make Homebrew’s completions available in zsh, you must insert the Homebrew-managed zsh/site-functions path into your FPATH before initialising zsh’s completion facility. Add the following to your ~/.zshrc:


if type brew &>/dev/null
then
  FPATH="$(brew --prefix)/share/zsh/site-functions:${FPATH}"

  autoload -Uz compinit
  compinit
fi

👉 brew Shell Completion — Homebrew Documentation hatena-bookmark

.zshrc に追加すると、brew コマンドでも TAB キーで補完が効き始める。


❯ brew i

info                  -- Display brief statistics for your Homebrew installa
install               -- Install a formula or cask
install-bundler-gems  -- Install Homebrew's Bundler gems
irb                   -- Enter the interactive Homebrew Ruby shell

知らんかった。

 

👩‍💻 まとめ

Homebrew のコマンド補完を以下で有効にしておくと、


# .zshrc
if type brew &>/dev/null
then
  FPATH="$(brew --prefix)/share/zsh/site-functions:${FPATH}"

  autoload -Uz compinit
  compinit
fi

Homebrew で以下にインストールされる補完スクリプトたちも、


❯ ls $(brew --prefix)/share/zsh/site-functions
_brew@     _gradle@   _lsd@      _starship@

インストール直後にそのまま使えるようになる。